Amazu asanzwe, azwi kandi nk'inyubako zateguwe, yubatswe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora inganda.Bimwe cyangwa ibice byose byubatswe mugukora uruganda hanyuma ukabijyana ahazubakwa kugirango bikusanyirizwe hamwe.Yitwa gutura mu nganda cyangwa gutura mu nganda mu Burengerazuba no mu Buyapani.
Amazu y’Ubushinwa ashobora kuboneka guhera mu myaka ya za 1980, igihe Ubushinwa bwatangizaga amazu y’imyubakire y’Ubuyapani kandi bukubaka amazu amagana y’amagorofa make afite ibyuma byoroheje.Noneho mu myaka ya za 90, amasosiyete menshi y’amahanga yinjiye ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu yubaka amazu menshi yo kubamo ibyuma byoroheje byoroheje
i Beijing, Shanghai n'ahandi.Mu myaka yashize ni bwo ubucuruzi bwubatswe bwahujwe bwagiye butera imbere buhoro buhoro ku rugero runini.Kugeza ubu, hashyizweho gahunda ibanza mu Bushinwa mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere, gushushanya no gukora, kubaka no kuyishyiraho.
Ubunini bw'isoko bushobora kuba bunini bungana iki?
1. Isoko ryamazu yigenga
Dukurikije ibigereranyo, biteganijwe ko kwiyongera kwa villa zo mu mijyi n’amazu y’umuryango umwe biteganijwe ko bizaba hafi 300.000, bihuye n’igipimo cyo kwinjira mu mazu magufi ahuriweho, kandi icyifuzo cy’amazu maremare ahuriweho muri iki gice cy’isoko kizaba hafi 26.000 muri 2020. Mugihe kizaza giciriritse nigihe kirekire,
buri mwaka icyifuzo cyamazu maremare ahuriweho ni hafi 350.000.
2. Ubukerarugendo nisoko ryibiruhuko
Nkuko ubukerarugendo bwimbere mu gihugu bukiri mubyiciro byinjira, iki cyerekezo gusa nka moteri yo kuzamura isoko mugihe gito - nigihe gito.Biteganijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2020 ishoramari mu iyubakwa rizaba hafi miliyari 130 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, bikaba bivugwa ko isoko ry’imiturire mito mito ihuriweho hamwe izaba hafi miliyari 11.
Kandi ishoramari rya hoteri, urebye umuvuduko muri rusange mu nganda z’amahoteri yo mu gihugu, biteganijwe ko uzagera kuri metero kare 680.000 zikenewe ku isoko muri 2020.
3. Isoko rya pansiyo
Nk’uko igenamigambi rya Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu ribivuga, mu 2020 hazaba icyuho cyo kubaka ibitanda miliyoni 2.898 mu Bushinwa mu mwaka wa 2020. Hashingiwe kuri iyi mibare, niba igipimo cy’imyubakire y’amazu ahuriweho kigera kuri 15% muri 2020, imitungo itimukanwa yita ku bageze mu za bukuru izazana ibyifuzo bishya byubaka bya metero kare miliyoni 2.7.
Muri rusange, hamwe no kubara hejuru, mumyaka 3-5 iri imbere, ingano yisoko ryamazu maremare azaba agera kuri miliyari 10 mugihe gito, kandi izahinduka miliyari 100 yuan mugihe kirekire muri 15- Imyaka 20.
Amahirwe
1. Umujyi urakomeje
Haracyariho byinshi byo kunoza imiterere yimiturire yabashinwa.Muri 2014, Guverinoma yatanze(2014-2020), yasobanuye intego yo kurushaho guteza imbere inzira yo mumijyi.Ku ruhande rumwe, mugikorwa cyo gusenya umujyi ushaje no kwimuka kwabaturage mugikorwa cyimijyi,
ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwabaturage bugomba kuba bwishingiwe, bityo umubare munini wamazu agomba kubakwa vuba mubice bimwe na bimwe bidafite amikoro adahagije.Ku rundi ruhande, iyubakwa ry'umujyi mushya ryita cyane ku kurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama ingufu kuruta mbere.Ibi birashimangira kandi ko amazu yubatswe mbere yubutaka atanga ubutaka bwera kubikorwa.
2. Inganda zubukerarugendo ziri kuzamuka
Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubutunzi n'imibereho yo kuzamura ibicuruzwa, ikoreshwa ry'ubukerarugendo bw'abaturage b'Abashinwa riri mu rwego rwo kwiyongera guturika.Raporo y’ishoramari ry’ubukerarugendo mu Bushinwa mu 2016 yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubukerarugendo, inganda z’ubukerarugendo zikomeje gushyuha kandi ni isoko rishya ry’ishoramari.
Muri byo, kubaka ibikorwa remezo, kubaka parike, kugaburira no kugura imishinga yo gukoresha ni byo byerekezo nyamukuru by’ishoramari, kandi ibi bice biteganijwe ko bizahinduka ingingo nshya z’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi buciriritse bw’imiturire mito.
3. Gusaza
Gusaza ntabwo bihatira gusa iterambere ryinyubako zateguwe kurwego rwabakozi, ariko kandi amazu ashaje nimwe mubice byingenzi byamasoko kurwego rwibisabwa.Nubwo igipimo cy’imyanya y’ibitanda mu bigo by’izabukuru kiriho kitaratera imbere kubera ibiciro n’ubusugire bwa serivisi, muri rusange, hazaba ibitanda byinshi ku bageze mu za bukuru mu Bushinwa mu gihe gito.
Ni ibihe bintu bitera iterambere ry'inganda?
1. Ibura ry'abakozi no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'abakozi
Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bw’uburumbuke bwaragabanutse, umuryango ugeze mu za bukuru uraza, kandi inyungu z’inyungu z’abaturage ziratakara.Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda za interineti, abakozi benshi bakiri bato bakora ibikorwa byo gutanga amakuru byihuse, gufata no gukora izindi nganda zikivuka.Ibi byatumye bigora kandi bihenze guha akazi abakozi bubaka.
Ugereranije nubwubatsi gakondo, inyubako ihuriweho ninteko ikoresha igabana ryiza ryimirimo kugirango irusheho kunoza umusaruro no kugabanya abakozi.Kandi uruganda rwateguwe rushobora gutanga umukino wuzuye kugirango rugerweho, kugirango ubone inyungu zinyuranye mubidukikije birushanwe no kuzamuka kwabakozi.
2. Kurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama ingufu
Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cyo kurengera ibidukikije kiragenda kigaragara cyane, ijwi ryo kurinda inkwi, kugabanya isohoka ry’imyanda y’imyanda n’imyanda yo kubaka iragenda yiyongera umunsi ku munsi, ibikoresho byo kubaka imiterere y’ibyuma n’inyubako zayo bifite ibyiza bisanzwe muri ibi kubaha.
3. Ubukungu bukora neza
Ubukungu bwimbere mu gihugu bwinjiye mubyiciro byiterambere byiterambere nyuma yiterambere ryihuta ryihuta cyane, bityo ibigo bitangira gukurikiza uburyo bwubukungu bukora neza.Kugabanya igihe cyubwubatsi no kwihutisha ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi nicyo gisabwa ninganda nyinshi, kandi amazu ahuriweho nigisubizo cyiza.
4. Politiki yo gushimangira leta
Inyubako zubatswe zishishikarizwa na leta kandi zishyigikiwe na politiki nyinshi.Mubyukuri, guverinoma yashyizeho anaKuyobora politiki, nko mu cyerekezo rusange byagaragaye neza ku ntego zo guteza imbere inganda,
muri 2020 ubwubatsi bw'igihugu bwateguwe bwagize 15% by'inyubako nshya, ibisabwa by'ibanze mu barenga 30% muri 2025. Ku rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo bifatika, inzego z'ibanze mu nzego zose nazo zashyizeho politiki ifatika, harimo n'iy'abateza imbere n'abubatsi, Hano haribisabwa ku gipimo cyiteranirizo kubikorwa bishya byiterambere, kandi gushimangira nko kugabanya imisoro cyangwa ibihembo byigihe kimwe
gihabwa ibigo byujuje ibisabwa.Hariho kandi uburyo bwo gushishikariza abaguzi kugura amazu yabugenewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-13-2022